Fixing the file system issue I had was FUN.

Full of Unexpected sNafus.

Parted works great! Except when you need to move the STARTING position of where a partition is. Ouch.

For those of you out there who have run into this, in order resize a partition where you need to change the start of the partition, you essentially have to move all the data off and delete it. There are ways to create new partitions in the space you have left free by shrinking another partition, but I ran into problems there because I was goofing around with a mixture of primary and extended partitions. That did not work out well.

So three hours later, everything is up and running. And as of this post, all is fully back to normal. Went from 78% full to 39% full on the partition in question.